Electronic Publication/s

Preliminaries

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Table of Contents

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Acknowledgements

1

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The Revolutions of 1989: An Introduction

3

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Gorbachev and the “New Political Thinking”

33

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Poland 1989: The Constrained Revolution

47

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Hungary 1989: Renunciation of Power and Power-Sharing

77

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The Tiananmen Square “Incident” in China and the East Central European Revolutions

93

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The October Revolution in East Germany

113

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Czechoslovakia in 1989: Causes, Results, and Conceptual Changes

137

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Yugoslavia 1989: The Revolutions that did (not) Happen

161

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The End of Communist Rule in Bulgaria: The Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Change

177

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The Romanian Revolution

199

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“One Day We Will Win Anyway”: The “Singing Revolution” in the Soviet Baltic Republics

221

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The Superpowers and 1989 in Eastern Europe

249

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The USSR and the Revolutions of 1989–90: Questions of Causality

271

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US Strategic Planning in 1989–90

283

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Opposition Movements and Big Politics in the Reunification of Germany

307

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The USSR and the Reunification of Germany, 1989–90

321

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Margaret Thatcher and German Unification Revisited

355

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France, the East European Revolutions, and the Reunification of Germany

385

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Italy, the East European Revolutions, and the Reunification of Germany, 1989–92

403

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Austria and its Neighbors in Eastern Europe, 1955–89

419

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Austria, the Revolutions, and the Unification of Germany

437

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Societal Transformations in Eastern Europe after 1989 and their Preconditions

467

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Remembering Revolutions: The Public Memory of 1989 in Bulgaria

194

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The Revolutions of 1989 and the “Archival Revolution” in the USSR

509

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NATO Enlargement in the Beginning: An American Perspective

525

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EU Enlargement, 1989–2009

553

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Epochal Changes, 1989–91

573

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1989: Ambivalent Revolutions with Different Backgrounds and Consequences

587

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Chronology

605

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Bibliography, Abbreviations, Authors, Index

635

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