Austrian Journal of Byzantine Studies (JOEB) / Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik
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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400 https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: verlag@oeaw.ac.at |
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DATUM, UNTERSCHRIFT / DATE, SIGNATURE
BANK AUSTRIA CREDITANSTALT, WIEN (IBAN AT04 1100 0006 2280 0100, BIC BKAUATWW), DEUTSCHE BANK MÜNCHEN (IBAN DE16 7007 0024 0238 8270 00, BIC DEUTDEDBMUC)
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Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 72, pp. 511-532, 2023/03/29
The article focuses on eucharistic practices in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem prior to Byzantinization. An analysis of a crucial testimony from Cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida’s Adversus graecorum calumnias and a variety of Arabic Christian sources—the Martyrdom of Anthony Rawḥ, Ṣāliḥ ibn Saʿīd’s Marginal Notes, and Elias of Nisibis’s Book of Demonstration— confirm that by the eleventh century, the Melkite Church in Jerusalem had abandoned the ancient practice of receiving communion separately in two kinds (the consecrated Host in the hand and the Blood from the chalice) in favour of receiving communion simultaneously in both kinds. Yet, in contradistinction to the Constantinopolitan practice of mixing both in the chalice, in Jerusalem the pre-intincted consecrated Host was taken by the celebrant from the paten and placed directly into the communicant’s mouth. The evidence of the Martyrdom of Anthony Rawḥ further suggests that this practice arose in the late ninth or early tenth centuries.
Keywords: Orthodox Liturgy, Patriarchate of Jerusalem, Hagiopolite Communion Rite, Eucharist, Humbert of Silva Candida, Arabic Christian Literature