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Geistes-, sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Anzeiger
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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
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Geistes-, sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Anzeiger, 160. Jahrgang 2025, pp. 93-112, 2025/11/25
This article aims to show from a geo-sociological perspective that early sociology was still intensively concerned with the natural foundations of society. The consideration of nonhuman living beings is by no means an isolated case, so that in the early days of sociology, approaches to a ‘more than human sociology’ can be identified, which, although only explicitly demanded and with attempts made to develop it in recent years, certainly has its precursors. However, in the course of the establishment and institutionalization of sociology as an independent discipline with an exclusive subject area, the discussion of geological and geographical aspects, as well as the consideration of non-human beings, has increasingly fallen out of the sociological focus in favor of a one-sided concentration on purely human interactions and societies consisting solely of humans. The post-humanist, neo-materialist, and neo-vitalist approaches of our time have set themselves the goal of correcting this onesided theoretical perspective on the social by no longer focusing exclusively on human actors but rather on the material structure and diversity of living beings as a whole, of which humans are only a part. This article aims to recall the prehistory of today's efforts to develop a more than human sociology and, using a few concrete examples, to show that there have already been numerous approaches and endeavors in the past to understand society neither as a purely abstract construct without spatial anchoring nor as a purely human affair.
Keywords: geo-sociology; more than human society; geography; soil; human–animal studies